A Comparison Of Determinism And Free Will Theory - 1629 Words

Magd Al Harbi A Comparison of Determinism Free Will Theory Kent State University Introduction One aspect of human existence that I think is particularly interesting is the extent of control of which we have over the decisions we make. In life, there are many decisions to be made, from simple ones that seem almost subconscious to complex decisions that can take days to ponder on. There are decisions that we make that directly affect others, indirectly affect others, and decisions that we believe do not affect others, or even ourselves, at all. There are decisions that we believe do not matter and would have no impact on our existence. Two theories that shed some light on these aspects are the theory of determinism from†¦show more content†¦By â€Å"pleasurable†, Hume means a sensation that simply makes us feel good. An assertion such as this brings forth the reason behind Hume’s theory that humans are bound by determinism—firstly, we are born to naturally make decisions based on the most pleasurable outcome, which is not something we can control, therefore, it is a pre-determined characteristic of humans (Hume, 2006, p. 76). Secondly, Hume argues that the feelings we receive regarding things are determined mostly by elements out of our control. Therefore almost every sensation and feeling we incur is not made by that of our own volition but by a combination of countless ideas and impressions that have occurred in our life that we are not able to scrutinize or comprehend fully because there are far too many to analyze. Thirdly, Hume integrates the complexity of social norms into his theory as well. Depending on the situation, gaining social approbation from the community can cause more pleasure for someone than acting out of a selfish motive, due to the social disapproval making a decision could present (Hume, 2006, p. 10). For example, upon studying this theory, I found myself thinking about a time in which I was working on a project with a group and felt like skipping one of our group meetings because I was exhausted from work andShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke And John Chaffees Theory Of Philosophy1443 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween two extremes. John Locke developed his own theory of mind, which is often mentioned as the origin of modern conceptions of identity and self. Philosophers over the stretch of time have developed, and fine-tuned, their theories and conceptualized their own ideas on how and why all things in the universe work. From these different theories three examples of these ideas th at stand out are determinism, compatibilism, and libertarianism. Determinism, defined by John Chaffee, is â€Å"The view that everyRead MoreEssay on Freedom-Determinism debate1689 Words   |  7 PagesFreedom-Determinism Debate The controversy between freewill and determinism has been argued about for years. Freewill is defined as the belief that our behaviour is under our own control and do not act in response to any internal or external factors. Freewill has been found to have four different conditions and to have freewill at least two conditions must be obtained, these are; people have a choice on their actions, have not been coerced by anything or anyone, have full voluntary and deliberateRead MoreFreedom-Determinism Debate1726 Words   |  7 PagesThe controversy between freewill and determinism has been argued about for years. Freewill is defined as the belief that our behaviour is under our own control and do not act in response to any internal or external factors. Freewill has been found to have four different conditions and to have freewill at least two conditions must be obtained, these are; people have a choice on their actions, have not been coerced by anything or anyone, have full voluntary a nd deliberate control of what they do. OneRead MoreFree Will And The Human Brain And Our Emotions1507 Words   |  7 PagesI believe that â€Å"free will† does not exist in any shape or form. â€Å"Free will is the power of acting without the constraint of necessity of fate, the ability to act at one’s own discretion†. Relatively speaking we â€Å"humans† are groups of atoms simply reacting with other groups of atoms. Elaborating on the human brain and our emotions, it demonstrates that since we are conscious an illusion is formed that we have free will when it is all cause and effect. In comparison humans are like robots, we get allRead MoreAnalysis Of Freewill In Oedipus The King933 Words   |  4 Pagesthe King   Ã‚  Ã‚   Determinists believe that every event of our life is strictly determined by a preceding event. This order follows until the sequence of events dates back before our birth, thus, beyond the notion of oneself as an individual. From this theory, one could argue that there could never be an attribution of responsibility to individuals since they cannot be held responsible for events dating before their birth. At the end of Oedipus the King written by Sophocles, Oedipus attributes full responsibilityRead MoreCauses And Consequences Of Juvenile Delinquency Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pagesone of the highest in comparison to other countries in the world. Discovering a single cause of juvenile delinquency is difficult, but there is no doubt that a combination of various theories and factors could point researchers in the right direction of establishing a source. Theory and research are the two basic tools of science, and they are ineluctably bound. â€Å"Each helps to guide and direct the other. Research collects and theory analyzes; research discovers and theory explains; research disprovesRead MoreEssay on Harrison Bergeron682 Words   |  3 Pageslaw are made without the consensus of the society, depriving to individuals that can develop a free world, keeping the people controlled and disabled mental and physically and the peoples cannot do anything to exit oppression, by fear of violating the law and generate chaos in society. Harrison Bergeron 2 We could set a comparison between the Harrison Bergeron scenario and the theory of Marx, indicating â€Å"the determinant variable is the mode of production. Changes in this produceRead MorePlato s View Of Reality Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pagesthese philosophers believe knowledge is attainable through acts of realization and simple knowledge, and each philosopher presents his/her main point of reality through different ways of attaining it. I will further mention the relevance of Plato’s theory in today’s world and why I believe it to be valuable. Reality versus illusion is described by Plato in chapter seven of The Republic. Plato creates an allegorical view of what it means to be alive, and the journey of gaining a sense of realityRead MoreFree Will vs. Determinism Essay1951 Words   |  8 PagesFree Will vs. Determinism Society walks about day-by-day living their lives and never really thinking or breaking down how their day unfolds or why it plays out the way it does. Some people have said that individuals have a choice and are able to decide on where their day goes. Others on the other hand would argue this assessment and state that your day and your life as whole are all pre determined. The different is free will vs. determinism. Do you believe we live in a free will world or hasRead MoreSummary of Chua 1986635 Words   |  3 PagesSummary of Chua 1986 Authors main point Provide two alternative world views and their underlying assumptions are elucidated – interpretive and the critical. Discuss consequences of conducting research within these philosophical traditions through a comparison between accounting research that is conducted on the same problem but from two different perspectives. Deal briefly with the difficulties associated with these alternative perspectives Author’s purpose To change the emphasis of mainstream accounting

Platos Socrates and Sophocles Antigone - Similarities

The ancient Greek societies had a strong corrective method to maintain order. Authorities had to maintain a self-survival attitude, which consisted of putting away those few that could challenge their power and create chaos. Both Antigone of Sophocles and Socrates of Plato are examples of threat to the socio-political order or their respective societies. Antigone is a woman in the context of fifth-century Athens, Greece who challenges the socio-political orders of the city in name of a blood relationship, which through her eyes is sacred in the name of the gods. The divine law says that all man should be buried following the proper rites. In the ancient Greek household, women are the ones who must do the proper funeral rites and bury the†¦show more content†¦Antigone realizes she can hear the voice of death; she suffers in wonders â€Å"What law of the mighty gods have I transgressed?† (106); she now feels she is left alone and claims â€Å"I alone, see what I suffer now / at the hands of what breed of men – / all for reverence, my reverence for the gods!† (107) ; she commits suicide and Creon finds her dead body. The prophet Teresias was right, his son Heamon took his own life because he saw his bride dead, and Heamon’s mother, the queen, killed herself as well after knowing the death of her son. Creon finally says he has learned â€Å"through blood and tears† (124) through his senseless and insane crimes. He takes the blame for having murdered his son and his wife, against his will. Those lives were the price of his pride. Antigone, of Sophocles, paid the price of her own life for having transgressed the rules of her society; she was considered a threat to the power of Creon and to the order of the Thebes. A similar situation happens in Socrates of Plato, where he is seen as a threat to the social order. Socrates was accused by the people from his city, he defended himself on his trial, but his defense wasn’t convincing enough for the men of Athens, so he was condemned guilty and put to death. Socrates was a wise man that over the time ended up with a bad reputation in the eyes of the society. He claims that â€Å"what caused [his] reputation is none other than a certain

Legislation Business Relationships

Question: Describe about the Legislation for Business Relationships. Answer: 1. The concept of de facto marriages is gaining increased relevance in the modern societies as the incidence of the live in relationships is on the rise especially in the western world where such relations are readily accepted by the society. It may be defined as a relationship whereby two people tend to live with one another as a couple but are not legally married with each other. In Australia, the Family Law Act 1975 takes cognisance of defacto relationship in Section 4AA. From the legal perspective, a defacto relationship requires that two people (belonging to the same sex or different) should reside as couple on a domestic basis that is genuine. However, an exception to the above definition is when the couple legally marry each other or have familial relationships. In such cases, de facto relationship or marriages are not recognised (FCCA, 2016). 2. In common parlance, bankruptcy refers to a situation when the outstanding debts of the given individual tend to surpass the paying capacity of the individual. In the initial stages, an individual may tend to liquidate the various assets in order to pay the outstanding debts. But gradually, a stage would come when there are no assets left with the person to liquidate but the debt obligations still loom. Under such a situation, the person declares him/her as bankrupt. Typically, a certificate is issued by the court with regard to bankruptcy since it is a legal status and can be used as a protection by the insolvent debt holder to clear the pending debts. However, the various assets that are available with the bankrupt person and the proceeds derived from the same are used to settle the claim of creditors to the extent possible. Bankruptcy is applicable for a certain defined period and provides an opportunity for the bankrupt person to start afresh as inevitably at the end of this pe riod, all debts are implicitly assumed to be settled (NiDirect,nd). As a result, after the bankruptcy period, the bankrupt person would not no outstanding liabilities and therefore could carry on with his/her normal life. 3. The family law case is an umbrella term which seeks to encompass a host of different cases as have been briefly highlighted below. Dissolution of marriage This implies that the legal relationship of marriage is dissolved between the individuals through the decree of divorce. Thus, the legal status of the individual changes from married to divorcee. Court intervention is required as both parties may not agree with regards to divorce and also to bring about settlement between the couples with regards to kids custody, alimony and division of property (Cretney, 2003). Legal Separation Separation is the first step towards annulling the marriage as it is a legal requirement in majority of countries so as to provide a reasonable time and opportunity to the partners to resolve their differences (Cretney, 2003). In this regard, court intervention may be required as both parties may not be agreeable to separation and also to legally define commencement of separation period to avoid any confusion later (Rikards, 2016). Nullification of Marriage Marriage may be terminated through two means i.e. annulment and divorce (Cretney, 2003). These cases deal with the annulment of marriage which implies that the couples were never married at the first place as the marriage was not legal between the two. Hence, such cases also come under the purview of family law and are dealt differently to the dissolution of marriage which deals with divorce (Dixon, 2011). Child and Spousal Support This particularly deals with the support that needs to be provided to the dependent spouse and also children in case of dissolution of marriage. There are disputes regarding the amount and the nature of support that is desired by the dependent party and that which the other party is willing to extend (Rikards, 2016). Elder law legal cases As the population is getting increasingly older especially in the developed world, the incidence of atrocities against the elders is on the increase which is often perpetuated by their own children and other relatives (Cretney, 2003). In such cases, the elders can approach the court for relief and also seek compensation from the guilty party. The nature of cases under the elder law is typically wide in scope and ranges from abuse to any kinds to other disputes that may adversely impact them. This is essential since there are a plethora of issues that old people might face and is imperative that these should be held on priority (Dixon, 2011). Petitions regarding domestic violence The perpetuation of violence in domestic relations is on the rise and these cases are also covered under the ambit of family law as the perpetuator in these cases belongs to the family. In married relations, it may happen that a particular partner experiences domestic violence and therefore any case dealing with these issues essentially fall under family law (Cretney, 2003). Cases related to estate planning With a plethora of legal structures and related norms of taxation, estate planning has increasingly become more complicated (Cretney, 2003). At times, there may be dispute within the family members with regards to the legal heir which falls within the family law sphere. This is particularly so in those cases where the will is not clearly stated (Rikards, 2016). From the above discussion, it may be stated that the scope of family law is very wide and it engulfs a plethora of issues as have been mentioned above. Considering the significance of human relations along with ensuring that no law is violated, these cases assume immense importance. References Cretney, S 2003, Family Law in the Twentieth Century-A history, Oxford University Press, New York Dixon, A 2011, Types Of Cases That Come Under The Purview Of The Family Law, GoingLegal, Available online from https://www.goinglegal.com/types-of-cases-that-come-under-the-purview-of-the-family-law-2226100.html (Accessed on August 28, 2016) FCCA 2016, De facto Relationships, Federal Circuit Court of Australia, Available online from https://www.federalcircuitcourt.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/fccweb/family-law-matters/divorce-and-separation/defacto-relationships/de-facto-relationships (Accessed on August 28, 2016) NiDirect nd, What happens when you become bankrupt?, UK government, Available online from https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/what-happens-when-you-become-bankrupt (Accessed on August 28, 2016) Rickards, J 2016, What are the Common Areas of Family Law?, Rickards Law, Available online from https://rickardslaw.com/what-are-the-common-areas-of-family-law/ (Accessed on August 28, 2016)

The Extermination Of Jews Documents Essays - The Holocaust

The Extermination of Jews Documents The first 13 of the 18 documents, collectively called The Extermination of the Jews, were not in any way new stories to me. In fact I came into this book with the same attitude that I usually do when faced with Holocaust stories, that of "Yes it was horrible, but I know all about it already. This reading isn't going to do anything to my attitude." I, as I always am in thinking such a thought, was wrong. No matter how much you know, no matter how many Holocaust survivors speak to you, no matter how much you read about it, no matter how much the atrocities are ingrained into you mind, you can never be immune. You are always horrified by this extermination, and every time that you read about any incident you are more disgusted than the last. You are always reminded that these people that were being slaughtered like animals were not much different than yourself or anybody that you know. It does not matter whether you are Jewish, Christian, Muslim, or any other religion, you have to sympathize with these people because they are people. Despite whatever the Nazis tried to make them into, one can easily see that is was not the Jews who were sub-human, but the vicious, blood-thirsty Nazi murderers who were the animals. Many of these readings reminded me of the question "Where were the people? Where were those who said, `NO! This is wrong!'? Why would no one stand up to such an obvious wrong?" The ninth document shows how the Nazis eliminated Jews' rights. It amazes me that there weren't more non-Jews who would speak out against these ridiculous, arbitrary laws. Can fear truly silence a person to the point of just accepting the dehumanization and deaths of millions of people? I still cannot bring myself to believe that this is human nature. No thinking human being could accept this, yet an entire nation bowed to the insane will of a madman. Clearly, somewhere in human nature is an innate passivity possessed by many people. This passivity must be so powerful that it can silence those who wish to be active, who will stand up for what is right. Is it not reasonable then to think that ,despite all of the good intentions and courage that people display, it could happen again. Document five shows how a person can be fooled into believing in the superiority of one group over another. Globocnik must have felt this way or he would never be able to make boasts about burying bronze tablets in order to commemorate his murderous work. What does it take to make a human, the only known sentient creature, pride himself of doing something that is below even the barest of creatures? It was this document that was the most shocking to me. Where the others show the suffering of those the Nazis captured and killed, this one shows in ghastly detail how some delighted in the misery these people. The final five documents attempt to show varying explanations as to how this abomination known as the Holocaust could have occurred. The first, an excerpt form Machiavelli's The Prince shows reasons that Hitler was able to retain such control over the population. He states that fear enables a ruler to retain perfect control over those he rules. Indeed this was one of Hitler's strategies. He scared people into not reacting by using the threats of imprisonment and death. The statements made by Hobbes attempt to prove that man is naturally evil. Although upon first glance at the Holocaust one may think that this is true, it seems that a more accurate representation would be that some people are evil, and that they when in power can influence the primarily neutral population. Locke's view of the rationality in man's nature seems an absurd optimistic opinion after reading all of the offenses against humanity. Although there may well be people governed by rationality they quite obviously cannot make up the bulk of those living or such illogical random acts of cruelty and evil , such as the Holocaust, could not occur. Ardrey makes statements that there is a natural instinct for man to be aggressive. Indeed this may be true, as it explains the behavior of the Nazi executioners. Without some sort of murderous tendency it would not be possible to kill that many defenseless people. Skinner's opinion that the actions of a man are a direct result of his surrounding situations effectively explains